Actinitic Kerotosis Actinic keratoses (AKs) are a common, potentially serious skin condition that results from a long history of cumulative sun exposure characterized by rough, red, scaly patches. They are typically found on the face, lips, scalp, neck, forearms, and back of the hands. AKs affect more than 10 million Americans. If left untreated, they can progress to a type of invasive skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma, which can be fatal. This type of skin cancer is the second leading cause of skin cancer deaths in the US. At least 40% of all squamous cell carcinomas begin as AKs. If caught early, AKs are treatable. If AKs progress to squamous cell carcinoma and are left untreated, the cancer can grow and spread to other organs, which can be deadly. Laser therapy for AKs is highly effective in treating the condition. Local anesthesia is given, and after it takes effect, a laser is used to remove skin to the depth needed to eradicate the AK cells and damaged tissue. The laser allows the doctor to precisely control how much tissue is removed. Skin redness is the primary side effect, but after this fades the cosmetic effects are excellent. There is also a low risk of scarring and other complications with the laser therapy.